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David E. Longnecker is the Robert D. Dripps Professor Emeritus of Anesthesiology and Critical Care at the University of Pennsylvania. He has spent his professional career as a physician-scientist, physician-educator and physician-administrator. Dr. Longnecker’s clinical interests involve anesthesia care for critically ill or injured patients, in whom oxygen delivery to tissue is a vital issue for organ integrity and survival. His research focused on the microcirculation, vascular biology and oxygen delivery to tissue. He is the author of numerous scientific articles and editor of seven medical textbooks. Dr. Longnecker is a fellow of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (UK) and member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences. At the IOM, he is Chair of the Committee on Aerospace Medicine and Medicine for Extreme Environments, which advises NASA on medical risks, medical care and health-related matters associated with space flight. Dr. Longnecker also serves on the National Advisory Council of NASA; this Council advises NASA on strategic directions, especially as they relate to the Vision for Space Exploration (Moon, Mars and beyond). He is the senior author on two recent reports from the IOM; A Review of NASA’s Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (2004) and A Review of NASA’s Bioastronautics Roadmap: A Risk Reduction Strategy for Human Exploration of Space (2006). | 